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The use of DNA sequences and genetic epidemiologic tools has led to improved understanding of the pathogenicity and mechanisms of resistance, and to the development of novel and more targeted therapies. Furthermore, the use of molecular techniques has improved the speed and the efficiency of the antibiotic susceptibility testing process and has provided more precise discriminatory power, thereby allowing better patient care. Current advances in sequencing technology promise to continue this process and to enhance our understanding of other important aspects, including the clinical treatment of infectious diseases. In this chapter, protocols are provided for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to (1) detect single nucleotide polymorphisms, (2) detect insertions, and (3) detect deletions. The selection of the procedure depends on whether a target region of interest has been previously defined, and whether there are differences between disease-causing and wild type sequences.
As demonstrated in a recent study of the 1,000 Genome Project (The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, 2013), the performance of modern variant callers is highly dependent on the depth of coverage. In this chapter, we provide instructions for setting up a HiSeq instrument for the study of deeply paired-end sequenced 4-h long libraries of defined insert sizes. These protocols include a detailed procedure to define the library insert size using a DNA size standard, and also show how to establish and optimize the sequencing parameters in order to achieve a dynamic range of coverage over an NGS target. The combination of 4-h long sequencing and Agilent SureSelect capture enrichment is ideal for population studies of complex organisms, such as plants, where a priori information about the genetics and the biology of the species are usually not available.
Sequencing small amplicons for phylogenomics is a reliable method to distribute genomic data records in molecular databases. Here, we describe a clear procedure for designing a custom amplicon kit, including primers for multiplex PCR, sequencing primer design, and assembly of the SFF file. d2c66b5586