Walsh Diagram For Tri And Penta Atomic Molecules Pdf Download ((FULL))
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A Walsh diagram displays two sets of possible atomic orbitals, each with a different set of energies when the valence electrons are varied. This is done in a manner that can be used to predict the behavior of other molecules that have similar geometric configurations. For example, the Walsh diagram of an n-electron molecule can be divided into three regions. The lowest energy set of orbitals arises from the valence electrons in the lowest energy state. The next energy set arise from the valence electrons in the next lower energy state. The remaining possible orbitals arise from the electron configuration and hence, energy levels of the valence electrons in the highest energy state. The Walsh diagram of an electron configuration is illustrated as follows:
For example, when the bond angle of H2O molecule is set to be 90 degrees, the Lewis structure becomes a circle. When the bond angle is 180 degrees, the molecule becomes a straight line. The energy of the molecule thus changes. Walsh noted that the change in energy is linear, and thus becomes the basis for his rules. Walsh diagrams still continue to be used and are considered as one of the most useful applications of molecular orbital theory.
In this way, he established that the shape of molecules can be described as a co-relation of the shape of two limiting geometries. He named it a “co-relation diagram” and considered this as the central theme of his paper. He concluded that these diagrams should be read just like a co-relation graph which is taken as a basis for determining the structure of the molecule. Consequently, such diagrams can be drawn for any arbitrary number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule. Each point on the graph represents the molecular orbital energy of the reference and distorted geometries for which the distortion parameter is represented on the X-axis. The slope of the graph at that point gives the change in energy of the orbital for that degree of distortion of the molecular structure. The size of the point on the graph represents the magnitude of the energy change of the orbital for that distortion. He pointed that the changes of molecular orbitals are linear changes in energy with changes in distortion, which enables a molecule to achieve its lowest energy state by a concerted change of shape. Thus he called it a “co-relation diagram”. 827ec27edc