Joint Structure And Function By Cynthia Norkin.pdf
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Joint Structure And Function By Cynthia Norkin.pdf
Contents: Kinematics and introduction to kinetics -- Kinetics: considering rotatory and translatory -- Materials used in human joints -- General properties of connective tissue -- Human joint design -- Joint function -- Changes with age, disease, injury, immobilization and exercise -- Elements of muscle structure -- Muscle function -- Effects of immobilization, injury, and aging -- Patient case -- General structure and function -- Regional structure and function -- Muscles of the vertebral column -- Effects of aging -- General structure and function -- Rib cage -- Muscles associated with the rib cage -- Coordination and integration of ventilatory motions -- Developmental aspects of structure and function -- Pathological changes in structure and function -- General functions -- Structure -- Function -- Dysfunctions -- Patient case -- Components of the shoulder complex -- Integrated function of the shoulder complex -- Patient case -- Structure: elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations) -- Function: elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations) -- Structure: radioulnar joints (superior and inferior articulations) -- Function: radioulnar joints -- Mobility and stability: elbow complex -- Effects of age and injury -- The wrist complex -- The hand complex -- Prehension -- Functional position of the wrist and hand -- Structure of the hip joint -- Function of the hip joint -- Hip joint forces and muscle function in stance -- Hip joint pathology -- Definitions of motions -- Ankle joint -- The subtalar joint -- Transverse tarsal joint -- Tarsometatarsal joints -- Metatarsophalangeal joints -- Interphalangeal joints -- Plantar arches -- Muscles of the ankle and foot -- Deviations from normal structure and function -- Static and dynamic posture -- Kinetics and kinematics of posture -- Analysis of standing posture -- Analysis of sitting postures -- Analysis of lying postures -- Effects of age, pregnancy,occupation, and recreation on posture -- General features -- Patient case -- Gait initiation -- Kinematics -- Kinetics -- Kinematics and kinetics of the trunk and upper extremities -- Stair and running gaits -- Effects of age, gender, assistive devices, orthoses -- Abnormal gait.
Structural abnormalities of the SI joint may also cause dysfunction. Individuals with altered gait patterns, spinal deformities or leg-length discrepancies can have reduced interlocking ability leading to laxity and pain. This equates to repetitive and uneven stress to the SI joint articular surfaces, causing laxity and pain.
Stability of the scapula on the thorax is provided by the structures that maintain integrity of the linked AC and SC joints. The muscles that attach to both the thorax and scapula maintain contact between these surfaces while producing the movements of the scapula. In addition, stabilization is provided through the ST musculature by pulling or compressing the scapula to the thorax.[6] [1]The ultimate functions of scapular motion are to orient the glenoid fossa for optimal contact with the maneuvering arm, to add range to elevation of the arm, and to provide a stable base for the controlled motions between the humeral head and glenoid fossa. The scapula, with its associated muscles and linkages, per-forms these mobility and stability functions so well that it serves as a premier example of dynamic stabilization in the human body.[1]
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